Proceedings of Cardinal Poreku Dery Third Colloquium 13-15 August 2015 (Author Abstracts)


 

Colloquium Abstract:

Pre-colonial, colonial and postcolonial events in Africa have all combined to give a certain image and role religion and culture play and should play in social and human development and progress. In the first place the narrow western definition of religion as an abstract phenomena focusing on believe in a subjective and empirically unverifiable notions of the spiritual world and the constant recourse to a dualistic thinking that pitches nature against culture have heavily poisoned the thinking frames via which scholars tend to understand and deal with religion and culture as integral part of human development and progress. This is particularly the case when it comes to indigenous African religion and culture. The situation is made worse with the persistent grounding of the philosophical notion that only one truth relating to religion and science exists and that this truth can only be found in the supposedly “more advanced and developed” systems. Though many scholars have long discarded this mode of thinking, the notions persist within popular African thought and more so with ill-informed policy makers who are also the drivers of economic change and material progress. Many new religious movements and groups in Africa tend to take extreme views regarding the role religion and culture should play in society. Among groups that have been inspired by the Christian message, there is the tendency to consider African Traditional Religions and cultural practices as devilish that has to be demonized and expunged from society. Likewise, some Islamic inspired groups seek a certain form of purity in religion according to their interpretation of the Koran; while others will mistake modern global cultural tenets to be the foundations of Christianity and will drive for its expulsion from African societies. In light of these distortions and misunderstandings, it is imperative that scholars of different disciplines and traditions analyze carefully the true role of religion and culture in the integral development of humanity. 

Authors Abstracts

  1. Cardinal Dery in Dialogue with Religions, Cultures and Human Development

By

Maamalifar M. Poreku

Missionaries of Africa Council Member

The late Peter Cardinal Porekuu Dery lived a full, fruitful and a fulfilled life drawing on his experiences and riches from the pre-colonial and post-colonial periods as well as the pre-Christian and Christian era. He integrated these different aspects in his life, which has become a source of grace that impact on society and the lives of individual persons from different faiths, tribes, nations, etc. His background, his person and his leadership role as shepherd of God’s people without distinction, played an important role in making interreligious dialogue and development from different faiths’ perspectives possible. Therefore, this work will examine how his multicultural and tribal, large family and religious background and his experience both traditional and Christian have brought this about. It will focus on Dery as a person whose love and respect for the dignity of the human person led to his conversion to Christianity and to his call to the Priesthood. It will also deal with his leadership role as a shepherd of all God’s people beyond religious, ethnic, family, and national affiliation is an important aspect.

 

2.     Embracing the Future with Hope: The Emmaus Story in my Personal Life as a Religious Brother and the Role of Cardinal Dery

Albert Ketelaars FIC

I feel grateful and challenged to have to prepare and present this paper to the 3rd Cardinal Dery Colloquium. In line with the general topic and theme of the colloquium ‘Religion, Culture, Society and Integral Human Development’, I have chosen as topic "Embracing the future with hope: The Emmaus Story in my Personal Life as a Religious Brother" as my theme of focus. The first part of the title of my paper has been taken from Pope Francis’ letter to all consecrated people on the occasion of the Year of Consecrated Life (Pope Francis 2014) while the second part is a biblical passage that is very dear to me because it highlights God’s mysterious ways to accompany people in their everyday life. I would like to develop this topic in four distinct parts. First, as introduction, I will briefly dwell on the structure of the pope’s letter as the method via which I will try to present my own understanding of the consecrated life; secondly, I will then enter deeper into the specific expectations of the Pope. The third part of the paper is a reflection and meditation on my personal life and growth as a religious brother for some fifty years now. In the fourth part of the paper, I will try to outline the challenges the Pope has stipulated for present day religious life and put these into perspective in the light of our Ghanaian society and cultural situation now, at least as I see and interpret it as it is partly influenced by my relationship with Cardinal Dery and other people like him.


3.     Reconciling Religion and Culture to African Politics

Richard Kuuia Baawobr, m.afr.

Bishop of Wa

There is no doubt that Religion and Culture play a role in politics in many places and Africa for that matter is not an exception. Religion is always necessarily rooted in a specific culture! It is common knowledge that Judaism and Islam, for instance, do not have the neat separation between the religious sphere and that political and social and cultural spheres. All are intertwined and are part and parcel of the identity of the orthodox Jews or Muslims. The influence, however, can be positive, or negative but never neutral. Reconciling Religion and Culture and Politics is about, in my understanding, trying to keep the delicate balance for the good of all in Society. This, is what Church leaders of the calibre of Cardinal Peter Poreku Dery tried to do in their time and what others today, and ourselves are called to do because of our faith and as a way of handing on the Dery heritage.  A responsible commitment to Politics is a result of the way in which the Gospel of Jesus was preached and received in the any given culture. The invitation by the African Synod to Christians in Africa to be salt of the earth and light of the world is particularly an important way of living out the values of our culture in line with the Gospel. In view of examining how Religion and Culture in African Politics, in this paper I will consider the following things: Clarifying the three key terms: religion, culture and politics; The Catholic Church’s Teaching on the commitment of Christians to Politics show that Christians cannot and should not stand aloof from getting involved in their society and commitment for the common good; The Importance of dialogue between culture and religion will be considered; What influence Culture and Religion has / should have in Politics. The contribution of Church leaders in Africa will be considered at different moments thus situating Dery in the bigger picture of the Social Teaching of the Church and how that is still relevant today.

 

 

4.     Religion and Politics in Africa: The Challenge for the African Church

Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, SJ

Head of Hekema University College

Historically speaking the continent of Africa has been the object of fascination for explorers, navigators, missionaries, colonialists, historians, anthropologists, game hunters, mercenaries, etc. This colonial fascination has generated volumes of literature, claiming to illuminate the “dark continent” and its “heart of darkness”. Yet the continent remains the butt of stereotypes, generalizations and images in the perception of people outside Africa. It is customary for many people to think of Africa as a simple reality, albeit riddled with complex and emergency situations of conflict, diseases, and misery. Africa is a well-studied continent, but it takes a much more careful reading of the context of life in Africa to disentangle fascination from facts; imagination from real-life situation. This presentation first sets the context for the discussion of religion and politics in Africa by making some obvious observations about the continent of Africa. Against that backdrop, it addresses the topic of religion, politics, and the church in Africa from the perspective of the Catholic tradition, but with due attention to other churches and religions, and how they stand in relation to politics in Africa.

 

5.     The Northern Ghanaian Immigrant Factor in Brong Electoral Politics and the Politics of Belonging in Brong Ahafo, Ghana

Isidore Lobnibe

Professor (Western Oregon University)

Over the past few decades, renewed interest in Africa’s place in comparative political analysis has resulted in the proliferation of both general and country-based studies, seeking to understand the effect and challenges posed by the continent’s democratic transition and consolidation. While the macro-level studies tend to isolate regional features of multiparty democracy for analysis, the latter have focused on understanding the factors influencing differential voters’ behavior and response in different localities and constituencies (Kelly 2001). One major contribution of the micro-level studies is the insights they provide into how Africans have responded to the waves of democratization that have swept over the continent since the 1990s (Nugent 1992, 1995; Geschiere and Gugler 1998). In Nigeria, for instance, Gugler has observed an increased commitment in forging of ties between African urbanites and their rural kinsmen as ambitious politicians turn to their homelands as a self-evident point of identification (Gugler 1999, 2005; see also Geschiere and Gugler 1998). Lentz put this renewed commitment of urban northern Ghanaians in proper context in her Ghanaian study when she notes that in the democratic dispensation “Everybody must be able to point to a homeland or home village, if he or she wishes to participate fully and have a say in the local decision-making process or be heard in the national political arena (Lentz 2006: 6). This paper seeks to make empirical contributions to the politics of belonging literature in Ghana by analyzing the results of the 2004/2008 general elections in some major constituencies of the Brong Ahafo largely through the lens of voters’ reactions.

 

6.     People are my Hobby: The Philosophical Anthropology of Peter Cardinal Poreku Dery

Edward B. Tengan

Director (Ss Peter and Paul Pastoral and Social Institute, Wa)

Dery liked to recount his encounter with an American journalist. The latter had asked Dery about his hobby and without hesitation, Dery noted: ‘People’. Finding the answer rather funny, the journalist laughed it off and continued his interview with the Cardinal. However, as he listened to the Cardinal, the journalist noted how central the human person was in the life and ministry of the Cardinal. In humility, the journalist apologized as he could not agree more with the Cardinal: ‘here is a man whose being, time energy and resources are spent on people. Indeed, his pastime is to be with and for people!’ This paper discusses the notion of the person underpinning the life and ministry of Cardinal Dery. The paper argues that, unlike his contemporary John Paul II who developed a scholarly philosophical anthropology from his academic pursuits, Cardinal Dery had an experiential anthropology that grounded his life and ministry. Through a study of Dery’s published and unpublished works and from personal experience of the man, Dery, the paper tries to construct Dery’s fundamental tenets regarding the human person. The paper argues that, Dery’s eclectic background, his experiences in a family that had an open door to all and sundry, his grounding in the religious worldview of his people, his conversion to the new religion (Christianity) and his academic pursuits in Antigonesh and Lumen Vitae helped him develop a form of Christian personalism. Some of the basic tenets of Dery’s philosophy include the natural goodness in every person which, though tainted by sin, is not over-ridden by this sin. As such Dery always believed in the fundamental truth that grace is built on nature, hence his insistence on the natural virtues as being very fundamental in the education of any child. In this vein, Dery never gave up on any person. Fundamental in Dery’s thinking is the fact that each person is unique and must be helped to develop his or her potentials the best way the person can. Thirdly, Dery believed that the human person is defined by the varied relationships that he is called upon to live out faithfully. This made him emphasize the need for integral human development. In these relationships, man’s relationship with the Transcendent shapes and gives ultimate meaning and purpose to human life.

 

 

7.     Language in medicine

Debyser An

Private Medical Practice

This paper considers healing or bringing real cure as an art which is restoring balance in the body. Dis-balance is manifested by an unharmonious expression, as the Chinese will put it, of ‘male’ (yang) and female’ (yin) energies in the body. This disharmony is spoken out through the language of body symptoms. Often, medical approaches themselves, as a way of understanding and dealing with these symptoms, are distillations from current ways of thinking and reasoning at a given time and place that are also culture specific to a community and society. The thoughts understandings are often related to perceptions of the body. When we talk about the ‘body’ this can mean the personal, individual body but it can also encompass more complex social systems like a family or a whole group or society. Unbalance will always seek to express itself through a language. The language spoken by these different bodies is consistent with the health condition of the person. Hence, understanding these languages as issued from those bodies as complete as possible is crucial in any start of constructive healing. As the body expresses itself on different levels of its being it is important to understand the language on all these levels. There is an implicit logic, a pattern behind.

 

 

8.     Dagara Notions of Life; Its Transmission and Sustenance

Alexis B. Tengan

Independent Scholar in Anthropology

This chapter establishes the thesis that life, from the Dagara perspective, is a property of cosmic nature that can neither be created ex nihilo nor destroyed out of existence. It is recognised as a force of animation within a body or element. This belief links all life-bodies and life-elements to a common ancestral spirit of nature. This chapter also sets out to outline the figure the Nature Spirit (Kͻntͻn) and its cult as essential to human thought about life sustenance, growth and reproduction. The main claim is that human beings have relied heavily on the Kͻntͻn figure for the knowledge required to settle on land, to find the right resources for survival and to acquire the technology and skills of farming, rearing animals and the making of tools. As conclusion, the chapter discusses how the constitution and ritual maintenance of the cult of the Kͻntͻnmε serve as memory institution of human thought and knowledge

 

9.     Secularization: A Threat to a Century Old Catholicism in the Tamale Ecclesiastical Province of Northern Ghana? A Study with Particular Reference to the Catholic Diocese of Wa

George Gyader

Lecturer, University for Development Studies, Wa Campus, Ghana

 

 

The plantation of Catholicism in Ghana, and in particular the northern territories of Ghana, since the arrival and settlement of the Missionaries of Africa popularly known as the White Fathers and White Sisters in Navrongo from1906 has been in many respects, a successful faith-based project of missionary conversion approach and enterprise. In it the people were required to turn away from their Traditional religious practices and believe in the Christian God (see E. Tengan 2013). This is evidenced by the growth and consolidation of the Catholic faith in Northern Ghana through the erection of many parish locations and the building of many large churches and also through the implementation of many socio-economic development initiatives (such as; schools, hospitals, water systems orphanages etc.) that have sustained the people in this part of Ghana (McCoy, 1988). The implementation of related socio-economic development projects since the past hundred years has initiated an age of a dynamic trend of modernization including social transformations and institutional interconnections. Moreover, as a result of the value of heightened interconnection that is rooted in the globalization process the spread of the trend of secularization which has until now been more prevalent in Western developed societies and other parts of the world is becoming a very prominent potential force of influence and in the global discourse context in relation to matters of religion and faith. Considering the presence of this trend it is worthwhile to consider the existence, experience, future orientations and resilience of the Catholic Church since it took root at the beginning of the last century --- in the universal catholic periphery of the Tamale Ecclesiastical Province (TEP) of Northern Ghana. This is an important issue to consider particularly against the dynamic of secularization as a global ideological discourse in religious context and an influential evolving alternative way of living and value system in a contemporary plural world society of modernity (technological progress included) and globalization.

 

 

10. Adopting Paolo Freire’s Pedagogy of the oppressed as a Christian Educational Theory in Ghana

Dongkore Gregory

Lecturer, Ss Peter and Paul Pastoral Institute

For Christians, the journey in education should start and end in Christ. He is the way, the truth and the life. Christ is the perfect man and teaches us what the perfect human being should be. Education is about being and not about knowing.  I would rather not have knowledge if such knowing will lead me to self-destruct. My research aims at strengthening my personal beliefs about education through verifiable data and a method that is accepted by the science of education.   My choice of Freire’s educational theory has been inspired by his Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Freire’s educational theory was born out of the existential human situation of oppression.   I will therefore, examine the educational policy and practices in Ghana in the light of Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Education in Ghana was spearheaded by missionary societies. Because of the link between Christianity and education in Ghana the northern regions were completed ignored until the missionaries arrived on the scene at the beginning of the 20th century. A time gap of nearly 400 years separates the north and south of Ghana as far as access to Western education is concerned. A good starting point for addressing the educational imbalances in Ghana is to make information available. It is only when we have accurate information that a sincere dialogue can begin.

 

 

11. Between Institutional Governance and Inequality in Higher Education: The Case of the University for Development Studies (UDS) Ghana

Jane -Frances Lobnibe

Lecturer, University of Development Studies (Ghana)

As the global economy slowly recovers from the 2008/9 recession, rising social inequality exacerbated by stagnating wages and unequal income distribution has emerged as a major concern of policy makers and national leaders in both the “developed” and “developing” worlds. This development has come about amid a fast changing knowledge economy requiring specialized labor skills and high quality education to meet the challenges of this complex technological and interconnected world.  Be it at the global, regional or country level, some have argued that a panacea to the current predicament is an expanded and increased equal access to quality higher education. As a public good and ideologically charged concept, education often can serve both as a means of and for social mobility. When set against the imperatives of human development, education can produce inequality and disenchantment, especially when some groups are denied or excluded from access; the ways in which it is distributed can perpetuate structural inequalities and the very structures it is supposed to even out. In this chapter, I examine this dynamic in Ghana, using admission requirements to the University for Development Studies (UDS) to unearth the silences of the governance of UDS that include/exclude social actors for whom the institution which was set up in 1992 was to afford access and opportunity, thus perpetuating the very inequality it is purported to address. I ask to what extent the potentially equalizing effects of education have been ordered by the university’s own policies and practices and those of the National Accreditation Board (NAB) and what implications these hold for students applying for admission from deprived regions of Ghana.

 

 

12. Relevance of Christian Youth Associations in Ghana in an Emerging Digital Culture

Africanus L. Diedong

Lecturer, (University of Development Studies, Ghana

Abstract:

In contemporary times young people want to be heard and be part and parcel of daily conversations. Various channels of communication offer young people opportunities to interact and appreciate the dynamics of youth sub-culture. Arguably, social media has enriched the scope and depth of conversations, and many a youth are attracted by this development. However, how many young people actually appreciate that it is one thing possessing and using state-of-the media gadgets for self-gratification and another seeing these tools as a means to end? If properly understood and appreciated, communication requires the actors to share and exchange information and knowledge, capable of a positive impact in people’s lives. Associations are vital platforms for sharing and embracing values that can transform the lives of their members and society at large. The propagation of important fundamental human values such as belief in God, respect for life, the virtues of sincerity, honesty and hard work are some of the noted features of many Christian associations. The availability and influence of means of social communications provide Christian Youth Associations an opportunity to capitalize on them in order to move beyond their traditional environment operations. New media have a very strong following, many of whom arguably are young people. How can Christian Youth Associations make a significant shift into the current dynamic of social interaction facilitated by social media? It demands a deep appreciation of the selling values of the media so as to be in a better position to creatively and critical use the media to transmit gospel values. Social media are useful tools various Christian Youth Associations could use to respond in a more interesting and profound manner to the Church’ call for a new evangelization for the transformation of Christian faith. In the midst of diverse proposals of messages of social media, which sometimes ennobles and at times confuses undiscerning youth, viable Ecclesial Associations constitute unique rallying points for educating and transforming the lives of their members through a clear articulation of values that define a true identity Christian in modern society.

Key words: Christian identity, youth sub-culture, creative media use, Christian associations, new evangelisation.

 

13. Widowhood Rite Among the Dagaaba of Ghana: Effectiveness of the Catholic Inculturation Process

Dapila N. Fabian

Bible Translation Consultant, Seed Company, Arlington

To the Dagaaba of Northern Ghana, life is not limited to the here and now, but extends into the hereafter. To them, life in the hereafter is a continuation of the present life. As such when a person dies, the living shower the departed person with gifts that will enable the person live comfortably in the hereafter. Since the hereafter is seen in terms of material existence, possessions provided for the dead include farm implements, hunting tools, seeds, food, household utensils and other material items that befit the status and occupation of the departed while they were still alive. The departed are expected to continue with their present occupations in the hereafter. A farmer remains a farmer, a hunter a hunter and a pito brewer continuous in that occupation. The farmer will continue to cultivate the different crops cultivated by the Dagao farmer as well as rear animals. The Departed will therefore need to be provided with cows, sheep, goats, hens and other birds reared by Dagaaba farmers. Alongside her usual brewing equipment, a woman is also provided with the seeds of crops generally cultivated by women such as okra, pumpkin, pepper and other minor crops. In the hereafter, a man will continue to need the services of his wife and so will a woman need her husband. It is here that a paradox sets in.  Naturally the man will want to take his wife along with him to the land of the ancestors so that they can continue to be productive farmers, each with his or her traditional role. Procreation however ends with the present life since one will live forever in the hereafter, and the survival of the tribe will not be endangered.  Despite providing the departed with all they will need to settle down comfortably in the land of the ancestors, the Dagaaba society will however want to retain the spouse. To the Dagaaba, the survival of the society here on earth is paramount and must be given priority over individual interests and desires. After all, the wife did not belong to the deceased, but the society as a whole. The widowhood rites are therefore designed to sever the relationship that existed between the deceased and the spouse. At the same time, the widow (for that matter) is alienated from society and reintroduced later to begin life afresh. The widowhood rite is therefore elaborate and intensive, covered with many symbolisms, the meanings of which can only be unveiled after a careful study and observation.


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